Hazardous medicines and higher-risk tasks

Pharmacies differ in the hazardous substances they handle and the level of risk involved. Some teams only need routine COSHH awareness for cleaning products and minor spill response. Others handle hazardous medicines or run services that require additional COSHH controls.

Hazardous medicines where relevant

HSE states that cytotoxic drugs are hazardous substances under COSHH. Where these are handled, employers must assess the risk and apply suitable precautions. This can affect pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, cleaners, transport and waste staff, and anyone who might be exposed directly or indirectly.

Exposure can occur during preparation, handling, transport, waste disposal (e.g. returned leaking containers), or cleaning spills. Risk assessments should identify who could be exposed, how exposure might happen, what controls exist, and whether any groups need extra protection.

Why some tasks need extra control

• Higher-risk medicines and contamination routes: skin contact, inhalation, ingestion or contaminated surfaces can all cause exposure.
• Restricted access and clearer procedures: entry to or work in higher-risk areas should be limited and governed by written procedures.
• Special waste and spill arrangements: hazardous medicines often require specific local disposal routes and spill responses.
• Role-specific training: staff who may be exposed need instruction and practice relevant to their tasks, rather than generic awareness.

What managers and supervisors should know about higher-risk services

COSHH training in pharmacy should be role-based. Many staff need practical everyday awareness, while managers and higher-risk services need more detailed controls, documentation and supervision.