What FGM is and why it is abuse

The World Health Organization describes female genital mutilation (FGM) as procedures that involve partial or total removal of external female genitalia, or other injury to female genital organs, for non-medical reasons. In safeguarding terms, it refers to a girl or woman being cut, injured or altered where there is no clinical need.

FGM is child abuse when it affects a child. It can cause severe pain, bleeding, infection, urinary problems, menstrual difficulties, complications in pregnancy and childbirth, sexual-health problems and long-term emotional trauma. Some young people use other terms such as "cut", "circumcised", "sunna", "closed", "special ceremony" or family or community words.

Important points for staff

• It is illegal in the UK: it is also illegal to arrange for a child to be taken abroad for FGM.
• It is not medically needed: FGM has no health benefit.
• It is not required by any religion: beliefs may be cultural, social or family-based.
• It can be hidden: children may feel fear, shame, loyalty or confusion.
• It needs safeguarding action: even uncertainty should be shared through the right route.

Language and terms

FGM is abuse because it harms a child's body, safety, dignity and rights. Cultural sensitivity must never become silence about harm.