Safe use of fire extinguishers: the PASS method

Using an extinguisher can control a very small fire if conditions are right. In pharmacy settings staff should follow local fire procedures and only attempt extinguisher use if they are trained, the fire is small, the correct extinguisher is available, and a clear escape route remains behind them.

Common extinguisher types

Extinguishers are made for different classes of fire. Do not assume any extinguisher is suitable for every fire - always check the label and follow local guidance.

• Water extinguishers: for fires involving solid materials such as paper, cardboard and wood.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers: commonly used for electrical fires and some flammable liquid fires.
• Foam extinguishers: suitable for some solid-material fires and some flammable liquid fires.
• Dry powder extinguishers: may be used on several types of fire but local policy and training should guide their use.

Pharmacies often contain electrical equipment, paper packaging and alcohol-based products, so staff should know which extinguisher types are on site and where they are located.

The PASS method

The PASS method summarises the basic actions:

1. Pull the pin to unlock the extinguisher.
2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
3. Squeeze the handle to discharge the agent.
4. Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it is out.

Important safety points

• Keep an exit behind you: do not let the fire come between you and your escape route.
• Stay a safe distance away: avoid moving in too close too quickly.
• Raise the alarm first: using an extinguisher must not delay alarm activation or evacuation.
• Stop if the fire grows: if the fire spreads, smoke increases, or the extinguisher is ineffective, leave immediately.

When not to use an extinguisher

Do not attempt to use an extinguisher if the fire is spreading, the room is filling with smoke, the burning substance is unknown, or you are unsure the extinguisher is suitable. In those cases evacuate and call the fire and rescue service.

Fire extinguishers may help with a very small fire, but only if the alarm has been raised, the correct extinguisher is available, and staff can act safely without delaying evacuation.